Bronnen behandeling Long COVID

Deze tekst is voornamelijk gebaseerd op recente hooggekwalificeerde internationale en Nederlandse overzichtsartikelen over LC in het algemeen (Al-Aly, 2024; Peluso, 2024; Neys, 2024; Kennisbundel, 2023). Daarnaast zijn extra bronnen gebruikt zoals onderzoeken uitgevoerd in Nederland, recente en lopende behandelstudies en overzichtsartikelen over een bepaalde behandeling. Hieronder volgt een lijst van gebruikte bronnen (op alfabetische volgorde), aangegeven in de tekst met eerste auteur en jaar van publicatie.

  • Achleitner M, Steenblock C, Dänhardt J, et al. Clinical improvement of Long-COVID is associated with reduction in autoantibodies, lipids, and inflammation following therapeutic apheresis. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28(7):2872-2877. doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02084-1

  • Al-Aly Z, Davis H, McCorkell L, et al. Long COVID science, research and policy. Nat Med. 2024;30(8):2148-2164. doi:10.1038/s41591-024-03173-6

  • Berkel J van, Lalieu RC, Joseph D et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Long COVID: 3-Month follow up results from a prospective registry of 232 patients. MedRxiv (preprint). September 2024. doi:10.1101/2024.09.02.24312948

  • Biere-Rafi S, Janssen K, Jurgens E, et al. Is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Effective for Post-COVID Fatigue?, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2023;77(7):1074–1075, doi:10.1093/cid/ciad399

  • Bramante CT, Buse JB, Liebovitz DM, et al. Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition over 10 months (COVID-OUT): a multicentre, randomised, quadruple-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial [published correction appears in Lancet Infect Dis. 2023 Oct;23(10):e400. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00562-5.]. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23(10):1119-1129. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00299-2

  • Ceban F, Kulzhabayeva D, Rodrigues NB, et al. COVID-19 vaccination for the prevention and treatment of Long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2023;111:211-229. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.022

  • Charfeddine S, Ibnhadjamor H, Jdidi J, et al. Sulodexide Significantly Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Alleviates Chest Pain and Palpitations in Patients With Long-COVID-19: Insights From TUN-EndCOV Study. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:866113. doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.866113

  • Cherobin GB, Guimarães RES, de Paula Gomes MC, et al. Intranasal Insulin for the Treatment of Persistent Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2023;169(3):719-724. doi:10.1002/ohn.352

  • CME-online. https://www.cme-online.nl/cursus/post-covid-herstel-fysieke-fitheid-224775/

  • Di Nicola M, Pepe M, Montanari S, et al. Vortioxetine improves physical and cognitive symptoms in patients with post-COVID-19 major depressive episodes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2023;70:21-28. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.02.00

  • Fedorowski A, Fanciulli A, Raj SR, Sheldon R, Shibao CA, Sutton R. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a major health-care burden. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2024;21(6):379-395. doi:10.1038/s41569-023-00962-3

  • Finnigan LEM, Cassar MP, Koziel MJ, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of an endogenous metabolic modulator (AXA1125) in fatigue-predominant Long COVID: a single-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2a pilot study. EClinicalMedicine. 2023;59:101946. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101946

  • Geng LN, Bonilla H, Hedlin H, et al. Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and Symptoms in Adults With Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The STOP-PASC Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(9):1024-1034. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2024.2007

  • German ER, Jairath MK, Caston J. Treatment of Long-Haul COVID Patients With Off-Label Acyclovir. Cureus. 2023;15(4):e37926. doi:10.7759/cureus.37926

  • Glynne P, Tahmasebi N, Gant V, Gupta R. Long COVID following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: characteristic T cell alterations and response to antihistamines. J Investig Med. 2022;70(1):61-67. doi:10.1136/jim-2021-002051

  • Hashimoto K. Mechanisms of action of fluvoxamine for COVID-19: a historical review. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;27(4):1898-1907. doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01432-3

  • Hohberger B, Harrer T, Mardin C, et al. Case Report: Neutralization of Autoantibodies Targeting G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Improves Capillary Impairment and Fatigue Symptoms After COVID-19 Infection. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:754667. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.754667

  • Hohberger B, Ganslmayer M, Harrer T, et al. Safety, tolerability and clinical effects of BC007 (Rovunaptabin) on fatigue and quality of life in patients with post-COVID syndrome (reCOVer): a prospective, exploratory, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover phase IIa clinical trial. medRxiv 2024(preprint) doi:10.1101/2024.12.13.2431885

  • Kennisbundeling post-COVID, IVM (Instituut Verantwoord Medicijngebruik), 202

  • Kjellberg A, Hassler A, Boström E, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for Long COVID (HOT-LoCO), an interim safety report from a randomised controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23(1):33. doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08002-8

  • Kole C, Stefanou Ε, Karvelas N, Schizas D, Toutouzas KP. Acute and Post-Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Complications: A Comprehensive Review. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2024;38(5):1017-1032. doi:10.1007/s10557-023-07465-w

  • Kumar M, Baig MS, Bhardwaj K. Advancements in the development of antivirals against SARS-Coronavirus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2025;15:1520811. Published 2025 Jan 23. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2025.1520811

  • Kuut TA, Müller F, Csorba I, et al. Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Targeting Severe Fatigue Following Coronavirus Disease 2019: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(5):687-695.

  • Kwan ATH, Le GH, Guo Z, et al. Impacts of metabolic disruption, body mass index and inflammation on cognitive function in post-COVID-19 condition: a randomized controlled trial on vortioxetine. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2024;23(1):10. doi:10.1186/s12991-024-00494-1

  • Lau RI, Su Q, Lau ISF, et al. A synbiotic preparation (SIM01) for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome in Hong Kong (RECOVERY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024;24(3):256-265. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00685-0

  • Leitman M, Fuchs S, Tyomkin V, Hadanny A, Zilberman-Itskovich S, Efrati S. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on myocardial function in post-COVID-19 syndrome patients: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):9473. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36570-x

  • Liu LD, Duricka DL. Stellate ganglion block reduces symptoms of Long COVID: A case series. J Neuroimmunol. 2022;362:577784. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577784

  • Mallick D, Goyal L, Chourasia P, Zapata MR, Yashi K, Surani S. COVID-19 Induced Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS): A Review. Cureus. 2023;15(3):e36955. doi:10.7759/cureus.36955

  • Momtazmanesh S, Ansari S, Izadi Z, et al. Effect of famotidine on cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions induced in post-COVID-19 infection: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. J Psychosom Res. 2023;172:111389. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111389

  • NCT05638620 Niet gepubliceerd. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dual Sympathetic Blocks for Patients Experiencing Sympathetically-Mediated Symptoms From Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). https://cdek.pharmacy.purdue.edu/trial/NCT05638620/

  • NCT05679505 Niet gepubliceerd. Alper Percin, Bahçeşehir University (Responsible Party). Effects of vagus nerve stimulation in post covid-19 syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Last Update Posted: 2023-01-11. https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05679505

  • Neys SFH, Berentschot JC, Dik WA, Hellemons ME, et al. Immunologische inzichten in de pathogenese van post-COVID. Ned Tijdschr Allergie, Astma, Klin Immunol 2024;24(4):144-149

  • O'Kelly B, Vidal L, McHugh T, Woo J, Avramovic G, Lambert JS. Safety and efficacy of low dose naltrexone in a long covid cohort; an interventional pre-post study. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2022;24:100485. doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100485

  • Peluso MJ, Anglin K, Durstenfeld MS, et al. Effect of Oral Nirmatrelvir on Long COVID Symptoms: 4 Cases and Rationale for Systematic Studies. Pathog Immun. 2022;7(1):95-103. doi:10.20411/pai.v7i1.518

  • Peluso MJ, Deeks SG. Mechanisms of Long COVID and the path toward therapeutics. Cell. 2024;187(20):5500-5529. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.07.054

  • Pérez de la Lastra JM, Curieses Andrés CM, Andrés Juan C, et al. Hydroxytyrosol and Arginine as Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunostimulant Dietary Supplements for COVID-19 and Long COVID. Foods. 2023;12(10):1937. doi:10.3390/foods12101937

  • Pirro M, Ferri L, Piccioni L, et al. What Is the Role of Palmitoylethanolamide Co-Ultramicronized with Luteolin on the Symptomatology Reported by Patients Suffering from Long COVID? A Retrospective Analysis Performed by a Group of General Practitioners in a Real-Life Setting. Nutrients. 2023;15(17):3701. doi:10.3390/nu15173701

  • PostCovid NL. Behandelingen, een oerwoud van (on)mogelijkheden. Nieuwsbericht 23-5-2023. http://www.postcovidnl.nl/nieuws/behandelingen-een-oerwoud-van-onmogelijkheden

  • Proal AD, Putrino D. The trial will test a low dose of the drug rapamycin in participants across a 3-month period. Analysis of participant blood samples will determine if rapamycin improves components of the immune response that can control infection. https://polybio.org/polybio-supports-helps-conceptualize-long-covid-rapamycin-clinical-trial/

  • roal AD, Aleman S, Bomsel M, et al. Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in Long COVID. The Lancet. Personal view. Online first, February 10, 2025. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(24)00769-2

  • Rus CP, de Vries BEK, de Vries IEJ, Nutma I, Kooij JJS. Treatment of 95 post-Covid patients with SSRIs. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):18599. Published 2023 Nov 2. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-45072-9

  • Scarpellini E, Tack J. Post-COVID-19 Gastro-Intestinal Disturbances. Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2023;18(1):34-40. doi:10.2174/1574887118666221201104833

  • Scheibenbogen C, Bellmann-Strobl JT, Heindrich C, et al. Fighting Post-COVID and ME/CFS - development of curative therapies. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1194754. Published 2023 Jun 15. doi:10.3389/fmed.2023.1194754

  • Tran VT, Perrodeau E, Saldanha J, et al. Efficacy of first dose of covid-19 vaccine versus no vaccination on symptoms of patients with long covid: target trial emulation based on ComPaRe e-cohort. BMJ Med. 2023;2(1):e000229. doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2022-000229

  • Utrero-Rico A, Ruiz-Ruigómez M, Laguna-Goya R, et al. A Short Corticosteroid Course Reduces Symptoms and Immunological Alterations Underlying Long-COVID. Biomedicines. 2021;9(11):1540. doi:10.3390/biomedicines9111540

  • Watanabe A, Iwagami M, Yasuhara J, Takagi H, Kuno T. Protective effect of COVID-19 vaccination against Long COVID syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2023;41(11):1783-1790. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.02.008

  • Yong SJ, Halim A, Halim M, et al. Experimental drugs in randomized controlled trials for Long COVID: what's in the pipeline? A systematic and critical review. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2023;32(7):655-667. doi:10.1080/13543784.2023.2242773

  • Zheng ZS, Simonian N, Wang J, Rosario ER. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation improves Long COVID symptoms in a female cohort: a pilot study. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1393371. doi:10.3389/fneur.2024.1393371

  • Zilberman-Itskovich S, Catalogna M, Sasson E, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improves neurocognitive functions and symptoms of post-COVID condition: randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):11252. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-15565-0

  • Zonmw. https://www.zonmw.nl/nl/nieuws/honorering-van-projecten-biomedische-en-klinische-rondes-post-covid)